Chronic Kidney Disease

High PRS

A high PRS is associated with 2 to 4 times increased risk for developing CKD relative to a person not in the high-risk category. The data is based on populations of European, Asian, Hispanic/Latino, and African descent. Information is insufficient or not available for populations of other descent. For participants with a high PRS, recommendations include:

  • Healthy lifestyle:
    • Increase physical activity.
    • Maintain BMI under 25.
    • A low salt diet (<2.3 g of sodium per day).
    • Limit alcohol intake.
    • Smoking cessation if a smoker.
    • Avoid NSAIDs and herbal or body-building supplements.
  • Check blood pressure for hypertension.
  • Check serum creatinine for renal function (eGFR), HbA1C & fasting blood glucose for diabetes status, and urine analysis for proteinuria. If proteinuria is present, check urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.

Positive Family History

A positive family history of CKD is defined as first-degree relatives with kidney diseases. Conditions evaluated in first-degree relatives included dialysis, kidney transplant, kidney disease due to diabetes, kidney disease due to hypertension, single or malformed kidney, polycystic kidney, Alport syndrome, kidney disease of unknown cause, protein in the urine, and other kidney disease. For participants with a positive family history, recommendations include:

  • Healthy lifestyle:
    • Increase physical activity.
    • Maintain BMI under 25.
    • A low salt diet (<2.3 g of sodium per day).
    • Limit alcohol intake.
    • Smoking cessation if a smoker.
    • Avoid NSAIDs and herbal or body-building supplements.
  • Check blood pressure for hypertension.
  • Check serum creatinine for renal function (eGFR), HbA1C & fasting blood glucose for diabetes status, and urine analysis for proteinuria. If proteinuria is present, check urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.