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The purpose of this study is to validate the HemoCue Plasma Free Hb System for quantitative determination of plasma free hemoglobin (PfHb) in venous and arterial whole blood samples on patients that are on Extra Corporeal Mechanical Oxygenation (ECMO) or ventricular assist device (VAD) support in hospital point-of-care settings and in clinical laboratories.
Researchers will compare the effects of lidocaine versus air, as a way to fill the breathing tube cuff which is gently inflated to hold in place the trachea (airway) during surgery. Air is the traditional method used to inflate the breathing tube cuff. Researchers wish to find if lidocaine works better than air to facilitate tolerance to the breathing tube (decreased coughing, sore throat, hoarseness). They also want to learn more about its effectiveness for this particular surgical intervention.