Publications

1. Warner DO, Flick RP, Sprung J, Wilder RT. Anesthesia and Babies' Brains: Lessons from the Lounge. Anesthesiology. 2026 Feb 1; 144 (2):453-456 Epub 2025 Dec 11
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2. Warner DO, Flick RP. Secondary Analyses: The Perils of Making Do. Anesthesiology. 2025 Feb 1; 142 (2):263-265 Epub 2025 Jan 14
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3. Deutsch N, Yanofsky SD, Markowitz SD, Tackett S, Berenstain LK, Schwartz LI, Flick R, Heitmiller E, Fiadjoe J, Lee HH, Honkanen A, Malviya S, Lee JK, Schwartz JM. Evaluating the Women's Empowerment and Leadership Initiative: Supporting mentorship, career satisfaction, and well-being among pediatric anesthesiologists. Paediatr Anaesth. 2023 Jan; 33 (1):6-16 Epub 2022 Nov 11
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4. Laporta ML, Sprung J, Fejedelem CA, Henning DT, Weaver AL, Hanson AC, Schroeder DR, Myers SM, Voigt RG, Weingarten TN, Flick RP, Warner DO. Association Between Exposure of Children to General Anesthesia and Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2022 Oct; 52 (10):4301-4310 Epub 2021 Oct 07
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5. Ing C, Warner DO, Sun LS, Flick RP, Davidson AJ, Vutskits L, McCann ME, O'Leary J, Bellinger DC, Rauh V, Orser BA, Suresh S, Andropoulos DB. Anesthesia and Developing Brains: Unanswered Questions and Proposed Paths Forward. Anesthesiology. 2022 Mar 1; 136 (3):500-512
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6. Schwartz JM, Markowitz SD, Yanofsky SD, Tackett S, Berenstain LK, Schwartz LI, Flick R, Heitmiller E, Fiadjoe J, Lee HH, Honkanen A, Malviya S, Cladis FP, Lee JK, Deutsch N. Empowering Women as Leaders in Pediatric Anesthesiology: Methodology, Lessons, and Early Outcomes of a National Initiative. Anesth Analg. 2021 Dec 1; 133 (6):1497-1509
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7. Shi Y, Dykhoff HJ, Guevara LRH, Sangaralingham LR, Schroeder DR, Flick RP, Zaccariello MJ, Warner DO. Moderators of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and exposure to anaesthesia and surgery in children. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Nov; 127 (5):722-728 Epub 2021 Sept 06
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8. Warner DO, Hu D, Zaccariello MJ, Schroeder DR, Hanson AC, Wilder RT, Sprung J, Flick RP. Association Between Behavioral and Learning Outcomes and Single Exposures to Procedures Requiring General Anesthesia Before Age 3: Secondary Analysis of Data From Olmsted County, MN. Anesth Analg. 2021 Jul 1; 133 (1):160-167
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9. Lee HM, Byon HJ, Kim N, Gleich SJ, Flick RP, Lee JR. Effect of upper respiratory infection on anaesthesia induced atelectasis in paediatric patients. Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 16; 11 (1):5981
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10. Gleich SJ, Shi Y, Flick R, Zaccariello MJ, Schroeder DR, Hanson AC, Warner DO. Hypotension and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes among children with multiple exposures to general anesthesia: Subanalysis of the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids (MASK) Study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2021 Mar; 31 (3):282-289 Epub 2021 Jan 04
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11. Shi Y, Schulte PJ, Hanson AC, Zaccariello MJ, Hu D, Crow S, Flick RP, Warner DO. Utility of medical record diagnostic codes to ascertain attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in populations of children. BMC Pediatr. 2020 Nov 7; 20 (1):510 Epub 2020 Nov 07
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12. Padhya DR, Prutsky GJ, Nemergut ME, Schears GS, Flick RP, Farah W, Wang Z, Prokop LJ, Murad MH, Alsawas M. Routine laboratory measures of heparin anticoagulation for children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2019 Jul; 179:132-139 Epub 2019 May 07
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13. Zaccariello MJ, Frank RD, Lee M, Kirsch AC, Schroeder DR, Hanson AC, Schulte PJ, Wilder RT, Sprung J, Katusic SK, Flick RP, Warner DO. Patterns of neuropsychological changes after general anaesthesia in young children: secondary analysis of the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids study. Br J Anaesth. 2019 May; 122 (5):671-681
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14. Warner DO, Chelonis JJ, Paule MG, Frank RD, Lee M, Zaccariello MJ, Katusic SK, Schroeder DR, Hanson AC, Schulte PJ, Wilder RT, Sprung J, Flick RP. Performance on the Operant Test Battery in young children exposed to procedures requiring general anaesthesia: the MASK study. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Apr; 122 (4):470-479 Epub 2019 Feb 04
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15. Baky FJ, Milbrandt TA, Flick R, Larson AN. Cumulative Anesthesia Exposure in Patients Treated for Early-Onset Scoliosis. Spine Deform. 2018 Nov - Dec; 6 (6):781-786
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16. Warner DO, Zaccariello MJ, Katusic SK, Schroeder DR, Hanson AC, Schulte PJ, Buenvenida SL, Gleich SJ, Wilder RT, Sprung J, Hu D, Voigt RG, Paule MG, Chelonis JJ, Flick RP. Neuropsychological and Behavioral Outcomes after Exposure of Young Children to Procedures Requiring General Anesthesia: The Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids (MASK) Study. Anesthesiology. 2018 Jul; 129 (1):89-105
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17. Shi Y, Hu D, Rodgers EL, Katusic SK, Gleich SJ, Hanson AC, Schroeder DR, Flick RP, Warner DO. Epidemiology of general anesthesia prior to age 3 in a population-based birth cohort. Paediatr Anaesth. 2018 Jun; 28 (6):513-519 Epub 2018 Mar 13
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18. Brooks Peterson M, Houck CS, Deshpande JK, Flick RP. American College of Surgeons Children's Surgery Verification Quality Improvement Program: What Anesthesiologists Need to Know Now. Anesth Analg. 2018 May; 126 (5):1624-1632
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19. Warner DO, Shi Y, Flick RP. Anesthesia and Neurodevelopment in Children: Perhaps the End of the Beginning. Anesthesiology 2018 Apr; 128 (4):700-703
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20. Hu D, Flick RP, Zaccariello MJ, Colligan RC, Katusic SK, Schroeder DR, Hanson AC, Buenvenida SL, Gleich SJ, Wilder RT, Sprung J, Warner DO. Association between Exposure of Young Children to Procedures Requiring General Anesthesia and Learning and Behavioral Outcomes in a Population-based Birth Cohort. Anesthesiology. 2017 Aug; 127 (2):227-240
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21. Cravero JP, Flick RP, Malviya SV. Comment on Growth in an Anesthesiologist and Nurse Anesthetist-Supervised Sedation Nurse Program Using Propofol and Dexmedetomidine. A A Case Rep 2017 Jun 15; 8 (12):337
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22. Houck CS, Deshpande JK, Flick RP. The American College of Surgeons Children's Surgery Verification and Quality Improvement Program: implications for anesthesiologists. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017 Jun; 30: (3)376-382.
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23. Bjur KA, Payne ET, Nemergut ME, Hu D, Flick RP. Anesthetic-Related Neurotoxicity and Neuroimaging in Children: A Call for Conversation. J Child Neurol. 2017 May; 32 (6):594-602 Epub 2017 Feb 13
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24. Gleich SJ, Tien M, Schroeder DR, Hanson AC, Flick R, Nemergut ME. Anesthetic Outcomes of Children With Arthrogryposis Syndromes: No Evidence of Hyperthermia. Anesth Analg. 2017 Mar; 124 (3):908-914
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25. Pinyavat T, Warner DO, Flick RP, McCann ME, Andropoulos DB, Hu D, Sall JW, Spann MN, Ing C. Summary of the Update Session on Clinical Neurotoxicity Studies. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2016 Oct; 28 (4):356-360
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26. Gleich SJ, Strupp K, Wilder RT, Kor DJ, Flick R. An automated real-time method for the detection of patients at risk for malignant hyperthermia. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016 Sep; 26 (9):876-82 Epub 2016 June 27
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27. Guru PK, Bohman JK, Fleming CJ, Tan HL, Sanghavi DK, De Moraes AG, Barsness GW, Wittwer ED, King BF, Arteaga GM, Flick R, Schears GJ. Severe Acute Cardiopulmonary Failure Related to Gadobutrol Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Reaction: Successful Resuscitation With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016 Mar; 91: (3)362-6.
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28. Warner DO, Flick RP. Anaesthetics, infants, and neurodevelopment: case closed? Lancet 2016 Jan 16; 387 (10015):202-4 Epub 2015 Nov 04
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29. Hu D, Flick RP, Gleich SJ, Scanlon MM, Zaccariello MJ, Colligan RC, Katusic SK, Schroeder DR, Hanson AC, Buenvenida SL, Wilder RT, Sprung J, Warner DO. Construction and Characterization of a Population-Based Cohort to Study the Association of Anesthesia Exposure with Neurodevelopmental Outcomes. PLoS One. 2016; 11 (5):e0155288 Epub 2016 May 11
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30. Kaushik R, Krisch IM, Schroeder DR, Flick R, Nemergut ME. Pediatric bicycle-related head injuries: a population-based study in a county without a helmet law. Inj Epidemiol. 2015 Dec; 2 (1):16 Epub 2015 July 07
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31. Gleich SJ, Flick R, Hu D, Zaccariello MJ, Colligan RC, Katusic SK, Schroeder DR, Hanson A, Buenvenida S, Wilder RT, Sprung J, Voigt RG, Paule MG, Chelonis JJ, Warner DO. Neurodevelopment of children exposed to anesthesia: design of the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids (MASK) study. Contemp Clin Trials. 2015 Mar; 41:45-54 Epub 2014 Dec 31
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32. Warner DO, Campbell EB, Hathaway JC, Shi Y, Flick R, Harrison TE, Hinds RF, Klesges RC, Vickers KS. Reducing secondhand smoke exposure of children undergoing surgery. Am J Health Behav. 2014 Nov; 38(6):924-32.
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33. Mueller JT, Wright AJ, Fedraw LA, Murad MH, Brown DR, Thompson KM, Flick R, Seville MT, Huskins WC. Standardizing central line safety: lessons learned for physician leaders. Am J Med Qual. 2014 May-Jun; 29(3):191-9. Epub 2013 Jul 23.
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34. Saxena P, Flick R, Greason KL. Sometimes an ounce of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation prevention is worth a pound of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Mar; 147(3):1102-3. Epub 2013 Oct 27
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35. Kadimpati S, McCormick JB, Chiu Y, Parker AB, Iftikhar AZ, Flick RP, Warner DO. Utilizing Focus Groups with Potential Participants and Their Parents: An Approach to Inform Study Design in a Large Clinical Trial. AJOB Empir Bioeth. 2014 Jan 1; 5 (3):31-38
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36. Nemergut ME, Aganga D, Flick RP. Anesthetic neurotoxicity: what to tell the parents? Paediatr Anaesth. 2014 Jan; 24(1):120-6. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
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37. Varughese AM, Rampersad SE, Whitney GM, Flick RP, Anton B, Heitmiller ES. Quality and safety in pediatric anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2013 Dec; 117 (6):1408-18
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38. Bosenberg A, Flick RP. Regional anesthesia in neonates and infants. Clin Perinatol. 2013 Sep; 40(3):525-38. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
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39. Davidson A, Flick RP. Neurodevelopmental implications of the use of sedation and analgesia in neonates. Clin Perinatol. 2013 Sep; 40(3):559-73. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
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40. Gleich S, Nemergut M, Flick R. Anesthetic-related neurotoxicity in young children: an update. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2013 Jun; 26(3):340-7.
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41. Holman MA, Holman MA, Carlson ML, Driscoll CL, Driscoll CL, Grim KJ, Petersson RS, Sladen DP, Flick RP. Cochlear implantation in children 12 months of age and younger. Otol Neurotol. 2013 Feb; 34 (2):251-8
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42. Rabbitts JA, Groenewald CB, Mauermann WJ, Barbara DW, Burkhart HM, Warnes CA, Oliver WC Jr, Flick RP. Outcomes of general anesthesia for noncardiac surgery in a series of patients with Fontan palliation. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013 Feb; 23 (2):180-7 Epub 2012 Sept 23
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43. Gleich SJ, Olson MD, Sprung J, Weingarten TN, Schroeder DR, Warner DO, Flick RP. Perioperative outcomes of severely obese children undergoing tonsillectomy. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012 Dec; 22 (12):1171-8 Epub 2012 July 09
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44. Holtby H, Skowno JJ, Kor DJ, Flick RP, Uezono S. New technologies in pediatric anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012 Oct; 22(10):952-61.
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45. Sprung J, Flick RP, Katusic SK, Colligan RC, Barbaresi WJ, Bojanic K, Welch TL, Olson MD, Hanson AC, Schroeder DR, Wilder RT, Warner DO. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder after early exposure to procedures requiring general anesthesia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Feb; 87 (2):120-9
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46. Flick RP, Katusic SK, Colligan RC, Wilder RT, Voigt RG, Olson MD, Sprung J, Weaver AL, Schroeder DR, Warner DO. Cognitive and behavioral outcomes after early exposure to anesthesia and surgery. Pediatrics. 2011 Nov; 128 (5):e1053-61 Epub 2011 Oct 03
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47. Schneider WJ, Migliori MR, Gosain AK, Gregory G, Flick R. Volunteers in plastic surgery guidelines for providing surgical care for children in the less developed world: part II. Ethical considerations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Sep; 128 (3):216e-222e
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48. Gurrieri C, Kivela JE, Bojanic K, Gavrilova RH, Flick RP, Sprung J, Weingarten TN. Anesthetic considerations in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome: a case series. Can J Anaesth. 2011 Aug; 58(8):751-63. Epub 2011 Jun 09.
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49. Schneider WJ, Politis GD, Gosain AK, Migliori MR, Cullington JR, Peterson EL, Corlew DS, Wexler AM, Flick R, Van Beek AL. Volunteers in plastic surgery guidelines for providing surgical care for children in the less developed world. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Jun; 127 (6):2477-2486
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50. Flick RP, Lee K, Hofer RE, Beinborn CW, Hambel EM, Klein MK, Gunn PW, Wilder RT, Katusic SK, Schroeder DR, Warner DO, Sprung J. Neuraxial labor analgesia for vaginal delivery and its effects on childhood learning disabilities. Anesth Analg. 2011 Jun; 112 (6):1424-31 Epub 2010 Aug 24
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51. Bojanic K, Kivela JE, Gurrieri C, Deutsch E, Flick R, Sprung J, Weingarten TN. Perioperative course and intraoperative temperatures in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 May; 28(5):370-5.
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52. Ahmed KA, Dreher ME, King RF, Flick R, Marienau ME, Schears GJ, Orvidas LJ. Dexamethasone and postoperative bleeding risk after adenotonsillectomy in children. Laryngoscope. 2011 May; 121(5):1060-1.
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53. Politis GD, Schneider WJ, Van Beek AL, Gosain A, Migliori MR, Gregory GA, Fisher QA, Flick R. Guidelines for pediatric perioperative care during short-term plastic reconstructive surgical projects in less developed nations. Anesth Analg. 2011 Jan; 112(1):183-90.
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54. Rabbitts JA, Groenewald CB, Moriarty JP, Flick R. Epidemiology of ambulatory anesthesia for children in the United States: 2006 and 1996. Anesth Analg. 2010 Oct; 111 (4):1011-5 Epub 2010 Aug 27
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55. Kenyon CA, Flick R, Moir C, Ackerman MJ, Pabelick CM. Anesthesia for videoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation in children with congenital long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia--a case series. Paediatr Anaesth. 2010 May; 20 (5):465-70 Epub 2010 Mar 22
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56. Sprung J, Flick RP, Wilder RT, Katusic SK, Pike TL, Dingli M, Gleich SJ, Schroeder DR, Barbaresi WJ, Hanson AC, Warner DO. Anesthesia for cesarean delivery and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort. Anesthesiology. 2009 Aug; 111 (2):302-10
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57. Wilder RT, Flick RP, Sprung J, Katusic SK, Barbaresi WJ, Mickelson C, Gleich SJ, Schroeder DR, Weaver AL, Warner DO. Early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort. Anesthesiology. 2009 Apr; 110 (4):796-804
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58. Flick RP, Sprung J, Gleich SJ, Barnes RD, Warner DO, Dearani JA, Scott PD, Hanson AC, Schroeder DR, Schears GJ. Intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and survival of pediatric patients undergoing repair of congenital heart disease. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Aug; 18 (8):757-66
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59. Flick RP, Wilder RT, Pieper SF, van Koeverden K, Ellison KM, Marienau ME, Hanson AC, Schroeder DR, Sprung J. Risk factors for laryngospasm in children during general anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Apr; 18 (4):289-96
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60. Sprung J, Flick RP, Gleich SJ, Weingarten TN. Perioperative cardiac arrests. Signa Vitae. 2008; 3(2):8-12.
    
61. Flick RP, Gleich SJ, Hanson AC, Schroeder DR, Sprung J. Pediatric surgical extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - A case series. Signa Vitae. 2008; 3(2):18-23.
    
62. Flick RP, Sprung J, Harrison TE, Gleich SJ, Schroeder DR, Hanson AC, Buenvenida SL, Warner DO. Perioperative cardiac arrests in children between 1988 and 2005 at a tertiary referral center: a study of 92,881 patients. Anesthesiology. 2007 Feb; 106 (2):226-37; quiz 413-4
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63. Flick RP, Gleich SJ, Herr MM, Wedel DJ. The risk of malignant hyperthermia in children undergoing muscle biopsy for suspected neuromuscular disorder. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Jan; 17(1):22-7.
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64. Pogodzinski MS, Flick RP, Thompson DM. Management of synchronous subglottic stenosis and bronchial stenosis with a modified endotracheal tube. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2004 Oct; 113: (10)793-6.
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65. Flick R, Thompson D. The shared airway in pediatrics. Finnanest. 2003; 36(4):370-1.
    
66. Flick RP, Schears GJ, Warner MA. Aspiration in pediatric anesthesia: is there a higher incidence compared with adults? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2002 Jun; 15 (3):323-7
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67. Keegan MT, Flick RP, Matsumoto JY, Davis DH, Lanier WL. Anesthetic management for two-stage computer-assisted, stereotactic thalamotomy in a child with Hallervorden-Spatz Disease. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2000 Apr; 12 (2):107-11
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68. Flick R, Martin LD. Twelfth annual meeting of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia, Orlando, Florida, October 16, 1998. Anesth Analg. 1999 Apr; 88 (4):955-60
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69. Flick RP. A physiologic approach to mechanical ventilation in ARDS. Pediatric Critical Care, PICUbook, pedsccm.wustl.edu, 1997.