Inclusion Criteria - Drug Resistant Epilepsy with Seizures:

• Subject must be at least 18 years old.
• Subject must provide written informed consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization.
• Disabling seizures (Disabling seizures are those with significant negative impact on the patient’s life).
• Drug Resistant Epilepsy, with continuing seizures despite adequate trials of at least 2 appropriate anti-seizure drugs (ASDS) with therapeutic serum concentrations (as per the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission on Therapeutic Strategies).
• Not a good candidate for resective surgery as determined by our institution’s multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery committee.
• Apart from epilepsy, subject should be medically and neurologically stable.
• Subject is able to complete regular office visits and telephone appointments including the 2 imaging sessions in accordance with the study protocol requirements.
• Subject is a male or non-pregnant female adequately protected from conception, or willing to use an acceptable method of birth control over the entire study duration if of childbearing potential.
• Subject has been informed of his or her eligibility for resective surgery as a potential alternative to the study, if such surgery is a reasonable option.

Exclusion Criteria - Drug Resistant Epilepsy with Seizures:

• Subject currently uses or during the study is expected to use short-wave diathermy, microwave, diathermy, or therapeutic ultrasound diathermy.       
• Subject has a substance abuse history (alcohol, prescription, or illicit medications) within the preceding two years.
• Subject participated in another drug or device trial within the preceding 30 days (other than the REVEAL main CSP).
• Subject has been hospitalized for a psychiatric condition within the preceding two years or has had a history of psychosis within the preceding two years (excluding post-ictal psychosis).
• Subject has experienced unprovoked status epilepticus in the preceding year.
• Subject is on anticoagulants and is unable to discontinue them peri-surgically, as required by the neurosurgeon or Investigator.
• Subject has significant platelet dysfunction from medical conditions or medications (including, particularly, aspirin or sodium valproate). If platelet dysfunction is suspected, subject can be enrolled only if a hematologist, the Investigator, and the neurosurgeon judge it to be advisable.
• Subject with vocal cord paralysis.
• Any other factor that may impact participant safety or compliance as per PI.
•  Subject cannot speaks and reads English.

Eligibility last updated 6/14/23.  Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.