Clinical Trials

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the overall and event-free survival of younger patients with newly diagnosed stage I favorable histology Wilms' tumor (< 2 years of age and < 550gms) treated with nephrectomy only (very low risk), or with newly diagnosed stage III favorable histology Wilms tumor with possible nephrectomy followed by vincristine, dactinomycin, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and radiotherapy (standard risk). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the effects of adding doxorubicin hydrochloride to the regimen for patients with stage I or II favorable histology found to have a high-risk biological marker. II. Determine whether the omission of adjuvant therapy increases the incidence of contralateral kidney lesions in patients with very low-risk disease treated by nephrectomy and observation only. III. Determine whether the omission of adjuvant therapy increases the incidence of renal failure in patients with very low-risk disease who have metachronous relapse. IV. Correlate study outcomes in patients with standard-risk disease with biological data from tissue collections on protocol study COG-AREN03B2. OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to clinical and biological risk factors (very low risk vs standard risk). STRATUM I: (very low-risk disease) Patients undergo nephrectomy only. If they meet criteria, they are then observed periodically for 5 years. Patients with recurrent disease undergo surgery (immediate or delayed) and receive chemotherapy as in stratum III. Patients with no metachronous renal disease receive radiotherapy. Patients with metachronous disease undergo renal-sparing surgery and chemotherapy as in stratum III, but no radiotherapy. Treatment continues for up to 25 weeks. STRATUM II: (standard-risk, stage I or II disease with adverse biological marker) Patients undergo nephrectomy. Between 9 and 14 days post-nephrectomy, patients receive vincristine IV beginning on day 1, every week for 10 weeks then every 3 weeks for a total of 15 doses. Patients receive dactinomycin IV beginning day 1, alternating every 3 weeks with doxorubicin hydrochloride IV for a total of 5 doses of dactinomycin and 4 doses of doxorubicin. Treatment continues for up to 25 weeks. STRATUM III: (standard-risk, stage III disease) Patients undergo nephrectomy, if feasible, or biopsy. For patients who undergo biopsy only, definitive surgery is undertaken at week 7 or 13. Between 9 and 14 days post-nephrectomy, patients receive vincristine IV beginning on day 1 every week for 10 weeks then every 3 weeks for a total of 15 doses. Patients receive dactinomycin IV beginning day 1, alternating every 3 weeks with doxorubicin hydrochloride IV for a total of 5 doses of dactinomycin and 4 dose of doxorubicin hydrochloride. Patients undergo radiotherapy over 5-7 days after nephrectomy. Treatment continues for up to 25 weeks. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for up to 8 years.

OBJECTIVES: I. To improve 4-year event-free survival (EFS) to 73% for young patients with bilateral Wilms tumor (BWT). II. To prevent complete removal of at least one kidney in 50% of patients with BWT by using prenephrectomy 3-drug chemotherapy induction with vincristine (vincristine sulfate), dactinomycin, and doxorubicin (doxorubicin hydrochloride). III. To evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy in preserving renal units in children with diffuse hyperplastic perilobar nephroblastomatosis (DHPLN) and preventing Wilms tumor development. IV. To facilitate partial nephrectomy in lieu of nephrectomy in 25% of children with unilateral tumors and aniridia, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), hemihypertrophy or other overgrowth syndromes, by using prenephrectomy 2-drug chemotherapy induction with vincristine and dactinomycin. V. To have 75% of patients with BWT undergo definitive surgical treatment by 12 weeks after initiation of chemotherapy. OUTLINE: PREOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive preoperative chemotherapy according to histology and stage. VAD REGIMEN (stage I-IV bilateral Wilms tumor [BWT] with biopsy revealing favorable histology or no preoperative biopsy; stage I-III BWT with focal anaplasia; stage I BWT with diffuse anaplasia; or high-risk, stage III-IV unilateral Wilms tumor [WT] with contralateral nephrogenic rest [NR] or predisposition syndrome): Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36 (weeks 1-6) and dactinomycin IV and doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 15-120 minutes on days 1 and 22 (weeks 1 and 4). REVISED UH-1 REGIMEN (stage IV BWT with focal anaplasia; stage II-IV BWT with diffuse anaplasia; or stage I-IV malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney): Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV on days 1, 8, and 15 (weeks 1-3); doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 15-120 minutes on day 1 (week 1); cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on day 1 and on days 22-25 (weeks 1 and 4); carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 22 (week 4); and etoposide phosphate IV over 1 hour on days 22-25 (week 4). EE-4A REGIMEN (high-risk, stage I-II unilateral WT with contralateral NR or predisposition syndrome or diffuse hyperplastic perilobar NRs [DHPLNR]): Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36 (weeks 1-6) and dactinomycin IV over 1-5 minutes on days 1 and 22 (weeks 1 and 4). Patients are evaluated at week 6. If partial nephrectomy is feasible, patients proceed to definitive surgery and lymph node sampling followed by postoperative therapy. If partial nephrectomy is not feasible, patients receive additional chemotherapy (as above with the same or a different set of regimen) followed by definitive surgery at week 12 and postoperative therapy OR patients proceed to a different chemotherapy regimen. POSTOPERATIVE THERAPY: Patients receive postoperative therapy according to histology after preoperative chemotherapy and according to the highest assigned risk for either kidney. EE-4A regimen (BWT with complete resection of all gross tumors at diagnosis with stage I-II favorable histology; BWT with complete response [CR] by imaging after 6 weeks of preoperative chemotherapy; completely necrotic stage I-II BWT; intermediate-risk stage I BWT; unilateral WT stage I-II with CR by imaging after 6-12 weeks of preoperative chemotherapy; completely necrotic stage I-II unilateral WT; or intermediate-risk stage I-II unilateral WT): Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 43, 50, 57, 64, 85, 106, and 127 (weeks 7-10, 13, 16, and 19) and dactinomycin IV over 1-5 minutes on days 43, 64, 85, 106, and 127 (weeks 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19). DD-4A REGIMEN (intermediate-risk, stage II BWT; stage I BWT with blastemal predominance; or stage I unilateral WT with blastemal predominance): Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36 (weeks 1-6); dactinomycin IV over 1-5 minutes on day 1 (week 1); and doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 15-120 minutes on day 22 (week 4). Patients then receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 43, 50, 57, 64, 85, 106, 127, 148, and 169 (weeks 7-10, 13, 16, 19, 22, and 25); dactinomycin IV over 1-5 minutes on days 43, 85, 127, and 169 (weeks 7, 13, 19, and 25); and doxorubicin hydrochloride over 15-120 minutes on days 63, 106, and 148 (weeks 10, 16, and 22). Some patients may also undergo radiotherapy. DD-4A REGIMEN AND RADIOTHERAPY (BWT with complete resection of all gross tumors at diagnosis with stage III-IV favorable histology, completely necrotic stage III-IV BWT; intermediate-risk, stage III-IV BWT; stage I BWT with diffuse anaplasia; stage I-III BWT with focal anaplasia; stage I unilateral WT with diffuse anaplasia; stage I unilateral WT with focal anaplasia; or intermediate-risk, stage III-IV unilateral WT): Patients receive DD-4A regimen as above. Patients also undergo concurrent radiotherapy. REGIMEN I (stage II BWT with blastemal predominance or stage II unilateral WT with blastemal predominance): Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 43, 50, 57, 71, 78, 85, 92, 127, and 169 (weeks 7-9, 11-14, 19, and 25); doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 15-120 minutes on days 43, 85, 127, and 169 (weeks 7, 13, 19, and 25); cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on days 43, 64, 85, 106, 127, 148, and 169 (weeks 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, and 25); and etoposide phosphate IV over 1 hour on days 64, 106, and 148 (weeks 10, 16, and 22). REGIMEN I AND RADIOTHERAPY (stage III-IV BWT with blastemal predominance or stage III-IV unilateral WT with blastemal predominance): Patients receive regimen I as above. Patients also undergo concurrent radiotherapy. REVISED UH-1 REGIMEN AND RADIOTHERAPY (stage IV BWT with focal anaplasia; stage II-IV BWT with diffuse anaplasia; stage IV unilateral WT with focal anaplasia; stage II-IV unilateral WT with diffuse anaplasia; and stage I-IV malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney; or DHPLNR with anaplasia): Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 64, 71, 78, 85, 92, 99, 148, 155, 162, 190, 197, and 204 (weeks 10-15, 22-24, and 28-30); doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 15-120 minutes on days 64, 85, 148, and 190 (weeks 10, 13, 22, and 28); cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on days 43-46, 64, 85, 106-109, 127-130, 148, 169-172, and 190 (weeks 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28); carboplatin IV over 1 hour on days 43, 106, 127, and 169 (weeks 7, 16, 19, and 25); and etoposide phosphate IV over 1 hour on days 43-46, 106-109, 127-130, and 169-172 (weeks 7, 16, 19, and 25). Patients also undergo radiotherapy. VAD REGIMEN (DHPLNR with favorable histology WT with viable elements): Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78 (weeks 7-12) and dactinomycin IV over 1-5 minutes and doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 15-120 minutes on days 43 and 64 (weeks 7 and 10). After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically for 10 years.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Classify patients with renal tumors by histological categorization, surgico-pathological stage, presence of metastases, age at diagnosis, tumor weight, and loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 1p and 16q, to define eligibility for a series of therapeutic studies. II. Maintain a biological samples bank to make specimens available to scientists to evaluate additional potential biological prognostic variables and for the conduct of other research by scientists. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Monitor outcome for those patients who are not eligible for a subsequent therapeutic study. II. Describe whether the pulmonary tumor burden correlates with outcome in patients with stage IV disease. III. Describe the sensitivity and specificity of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan by comparing it with surgical and pathologic findings for identification of local tumor spread beyond the renal capsule to adjacent muscle and organs, lymph node involvement at the renal hilum and in the retroperitoneum, preoperative tumor rupture, and metastases to the liver. IV. Compare the sensitivity and specificity of pre-operative abdominal CT scan and MRI for the identification and differentiation of nephrogenic rests and Wilms' tumor in children with multiple renal lesions. V. Correlate the method of conception (natural vs assisted reproductive technology) with the development of Wilms' tumor. OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Tumor tissue, blood, and urine samples are collected for research studies, including immunohistochemistry. CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) are also performed. Loss of heterozygosity analyses (chromosome 1p and 16q) are performed by extraction of DNA. DNA polymorphisms are assayed by polymerase chain reaction using standard methodology. Leftover specimens are archived for future studies. Patients are followed periodically for 5 years.