Clinical Trials

OBJECTIVES:

       -  Collect brain tumor tissue and an accompanying blood sample from pediatric patients with brain tumors treated at Children's Oncology Group institutions.

       -  Provide a repository for long-term storage of specimens from these patients.

       -  Make these specimens available to qualified researchers to understand the biology of pediatric brain tumors.

     OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study

     Brain tumor tissue and blood specimens are collected from patients and banked for future study.

     PROJECTED ACCRUAL: An unlimited number of specimens will be collected.

Different treatments exist for children with progressive or recurrent low-grade glioma. Each has variable efficacy at slowing or reversing growth, and exploration continues into finding better-tolerated, more effective treatments. Vinorelbine has recently generated interest in stabilizing some pediatric low-grade gliomas. It has been fairly well tolerated in both adult and pediatric studies that have examined its use in other tumors. In addition, the quality of life for children with low-grade gliomas is important and requires further study. This trial will incorporate an optional assessment using validated neuropsychological testing throughout treatment to evaluate the quality of life of the child being treated. Objective: To test the efficacy of Vinorelbine in a larger number of children with pediatric low-grade glioma that has returned or continues to grow. In this trial, Vinorelbine will be given intravenously once a week for 6 weeks followed by a 2 week rest. This cycle can then be repeated for up to 1-2 years if providing clinical benefit.

OBJECTIVES:

     Primary

       -  Determine the maximum-tolerated dose of dasatinib in combination with bevacizumab in patients with recurrent or progressive high-grade glioma or glioblastoma multiforme. (Phase I*)

       -  Assess the safety and adverse events of this regimen in these patients. (Phase I*)

       -  Estimate and compare the efficacy of these regimens in these patients as measured by progression-free survival at six months. (Phase II)

     Secondary

       -  Describe any preliminary evidence of antitumor activity. (Phase I*)

       -  Describe the overall toxicity associated with this regimen in these patients. (Phase I*)

       -  Estimate and compare the efficacy of these regimens in these patients as measured by overall survival (Phase II)

       -  Assess the impact of these regimens on the patient's quality of life using FACT-Br (no longer assessed as of 5/18/2009) (newly added as of 2/2/2010). (Phase II)

       -  Assess the time to disease progression. (Phase II)

       -  Assess the safety and toxicity of these regimens in this patient population. (Phase II)

       -  Determine the relationship between tumor biomarkers and clinical outcome of patients treated with these regimens. (Phase II) (exploratory)

       -  Assess the utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI as a predictor of response to these regimens. (Phase II) (exploratory)

       -  To assess the utility of MRI diffusion-weighted images (DWI), and specifically the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), as a predictor of response and survival in patients treated with bevacizumab/dasatinib combination treatment. (Phase II) (exploratory)

       -  Bank leftover tissue for future NCCTG studies. (Phase II) (exploratory) NOTE: *Phase I completed.

     OUTLINE: This is a multicenter, phase I, dose-escalation study (Phase I completed) of dasatinib followed by a phase II randomized study. Patients are grouped according to study (1 vs 2). Patients in the phase II portion are stratified according to age (> 70 years of age vs ≤ 70 years of age), and ECOG performance status (0 vs 1 or 2).

     Phase I: Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1. Patients also receive oral dasatinib once or twice daily on days 1-14 until the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) is determined. Courses repeat every 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (Phase I completed)

     Phase II (patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms):

       -  Arm I: Patients receive bevacizumab as in phase I and dasatinib at the MTD as determined in phase I. Courses repeat every 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

       -  Arm II: Patients receive bevacizumab as in phase I and oral placebo once or twice daily on days 1-14. Courses repeat every 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

     Quality of life is assessed by FACT-Br questionnaire at baseline and prior to every other course (no longer assessed as of 5/18/2009)(newly added as of 2/2/2010). Tissue samples are collected at baseline for biomarker studies and assessed by IHC, RT-PCR, and FISH. Patients undergo dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI at baseline, day 3 of course 1, and day 1 of course 2.

     After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up periodically for up to 3 years.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To establish a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of TRC105 (anti-endoglin monoclonal antibody TRC105) combined with bevacizumab in this patient population. (Phase I) II. To assess the safety and adverse events of TRC105 in combination with bevacizumab in this patient population. (Phase II) III. To determine the efficacy of TRC105 in combination with bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma as measured by progression-free survival and compare it with the efficacy of bevacizumab alone in this patient population. (Phase II) SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To assess the proportion of patients who are progression free at 6 months, treated with TRC105 in combination with bevacizumab as compared to bevacizumab alone. (Phase II) II. To assess the overall survival of patients treated with TRC105 in combination with bevacizumab compared to bevacizumab alone. (Phase II) III. To compare the impact of the treatment on the patients quality of life (QOL) using the EORTC Quality of Life QLQ-C15-PAL and QLQ-BN20 Patient Questionnaires. (Phase II) IV. To estimate patient recommendations for study participation to others using the Was It Worth It (WIWI) Questionnaire. (Phase II) TERTIARY OBJECTIVES: I. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of TRC105. (Phase I) II. To evaluate the immunogenicity of TRC105. (Phase I) III. To determine the relationship between tumor biomarkers, circulating biomarkers of vascular response and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in predicting efficacy and/or toxicity of treatment. (Phase II) IV. To assess the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a predictor of response and survival. (Phase II) V. To assess the utility of dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI as a predictor of response to bevacizumab with or without TRC105. (Phase II) OUTLINE: This is a multicenter, dose-escalation, phase I study of anti-endoglin monoclonal antibody TRC105 followed by a randomized phase II study. Phase I: Patients receive bevacizumab intravenously (IV) over 30-90 minutes on day 1 and anti-endoglin monoclonal antibody TRC105 IV over 1-4 hours on days 8 and 11 of course 1 and days 1 and 8 of course 2 and all subsequent courses. Courses repeat every 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Phase II: Patients are stratified according to age (> 70 vs =< 70) and resection at recurrence (yes vs no). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. ARM I: Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1 and anti-endoglin monoclonal antibody TRC105 IV over 1-4 hours on days 8 and 11 of course 1 and days 1 and 8 of course 2 and all subsequent courses. Courses repeat every 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM II: Patients receive bevacizumab as in arm I. Courses repeat every 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months.

OBJECTIVES: I. To utilize a standardized battery of age-appropriate neuropsychological and behavioral tests in conjunction with Children's Oncology Group (COG) Phase III clinical trials to evaluate cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral functioning over time. II. To institute procedures to ensure a consistent, streamlined, and efficient administration of the neuropsychological/behavioral tests in a cooperative group setting in order to maximize compliance with a standardized assessment battery conducted at 3 standardized timepoints. OUTLINE: Parent and child participants complete the COG Standard Neuropsychological and Behavioral Battery testing at 9, 30, and 60 months post-diagnosis in a 1-hour session conducted by a neuropsychologist or psychologist. The Battery consists of tests of intelligence, processing speed/attention, memory, language preference, general developmental progress, attention and behavior/social/emotional function, executive function, adoptive function, and quality of life. Additionally, parents complete a parent-report questionnaire to gather information about patient's function in terms of attention, memory, executive abilities, and behavioral, social, and emotional adaption.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To assess the anti-tumor activity (in terms of the tumor response rate using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST] criteria) of pazopanib (pazopanib hydrochloride) (GW786034) in patients with advanced malignant pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. SECONDARY OBJEC TIVES: I. To assess safety profile of pazopanib. II. To assess duration of tumor response. III. To assess time to treatment failure. IV. To assess progression-free survival time. V. To assess overall survival time. TERTIARY OBJECTIVES: I. For patients with secretory tumors, to examine changes in urinary catecholamine and/or metanephrine levels. II. For patients with secretory tumors, to examine whether pazopanib-induced changes in urinary catecholamine and/or metanephrine levels during the first cycle of treatment may be associated with objective tumor response. III. To examine associations between tumor response and somatic mutational status in archived tumors, or germline mutational status in patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells, (presence of succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D [SDHD], succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B [SDHB], ret proto-oncogene [RET], von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor [VHL], neurofibromatosis type-1). IV. To examine associations between tumor response and tumor expression levels of angiogenic and vascular markers including hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha (HIF-1a), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R) (total and phospho-) and microvessel density in archival tumor tissue. IV. To examine whether the extent of tumor response/regression may be correlated with plasma pazopanib (GW786034) concentration achieved after the third cycle (first cycle after run-in cycles) of pazopanib (GW786034) therapy. OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients receive pazopanib hydrochloride orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo urine and blood sample collection at baseline and periodically during study for correlative studies. After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up every 3-6 months for a maximum of 3 years.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

     I. To determine correlation between 18F-FDOPA PET activity, MRI contrast enhancement, and high- or low-grade glioma biopsies.

     II. To compare radiotherapy target volume delineation with and without 18F- FDOPA-PET metabolic imaging information to determine role of metabolic imaging in radiotherapy treatment planning.

     SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

     I. To determine correlation between concordance of 18F-FDOPA PET activity, MRI contrast enhancement, and high- or low-grade glioma biopsies and patient outcomes including overall survival and progression free survival.

     OUTLINE:

     Beginning at no more than 1 week before biopsy and resection, patients undergo fluorine F 18 fluorodopa-labeled PET/CT scan and pre-operative MRI. Patients then undergo stereotactic craniotomy. Some patients may also undergo radiation therapy.

     After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every year for 5 years.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the objective response rate in children with recurrent, refractory, or progressive juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas and optic pathway gliomas who are treated with Regimen A low-dose (20 mg/m²/dose) or Regimen B high-dose (115 mg/m²/dose) lenalidomide. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To estimate the event-free survival (EFS) (based on standard two-dimensional tumor measurements, determined by each institution) of children with recurrent, refractory, or progressive juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas and optic pathway gliomas who are treated with lenalidomide. II. To compare response categories and EFS across the 3 magnetic resonance (MR) sequences (T2-weighted, fluid attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR], T1-weighted post-contrast). III. To correlate steady-state pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide (1 sample obtained between Days 5-21) with objective response and EFS. IV. To evaluate toxicities of long-term lenalidomide use. OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. ARM I (regimen A): Patients receive low-dose lenalidomide orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-21. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 26 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM II (regimen B): Patients receive high-dose lenalidomide PO QD on days 1-21. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 26 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo blood sample collection between days 5-21 during course 1 for pharmacokinetic studies. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for up to 5 years.

OBJECTIVES: Primary - Compare event-free and overall survival of pediatric patients (3 to 7 years of age) with newly diagnosed standard-risk medulloblastoma treated with standard-dose vs reduced-dose craniospinal radiotherapy and posterior fossa boost vs tumor bed boost radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy comprising vincristine, cisplatin, lomustine, and cyclophosphamide. - Compare event-free and overall survival of these patients (8 to 21 years of age) treated with standard-dose craniospinal radiotherapy and posterior fossa boost vs tumor bed boost radiotherapy in combination with this chemotherapy regimen. Secondary - Compare patterns of failure in patients treated with these regimens. - Compare the cognitive, auditory, and endocrinologic effects of these regimens in these patients. - Compare the audiologic and endocrinologic toxicity from these regimens in these patients. - Develop an optimal gene expression medulloblastoma outcome predictor. - Assess quality of life and functional status in patients treated with these regimens. OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients will undergo radiotherapy on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26, 29-33, 36-40, and 43-47 (weeks 0-6). Patients receive vincristine IV on days 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43 (weeks 1-6) beginning 31 days after surgery.Patients 3 to 7 years of age are randomized to 1 of 2 chemoradiotherapy arms. Patients 8-21 years old are assigned to arm II. - Chemoradiotherapy:Patients will undergo radiotherapy on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26, 29-33, 36-40, and 43-47 (weeks 0-6). Patients receive vincristine IV on days 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43 (weeks 1-6) beginning 31 days after surgery. Patients 3 to 7 years of age are randomized to 1 of 2 radiotherapy arms (arms I and II). Patients 8-21 years old are assigned to arm II. - Radiotherapy (first randomization): - Arm I: Patients undergo reduced-dose craniospinal radiotherapy with boost. - Arm II: Patients undergo standard-dose craniospinal radiotherapy with boost. All patients are then randomized to 1 of 2 chemoradiotherapy arms (arms III and IV). - Radiotherapy boost (second randomization): - Arm III: Patients will undergo radiotherapy boost to the entire posterior fossa. - Arm IV: Patients will undergo radiotherapy boost to the tumor bed only. - Maintenance chemotherapy: Beginning 4 weeks after completion of chemoradiotherapy, patients receive 2 different regimens of maintenance chemotherapy for a total of 9 courses. Each course in regimen A is 6 weeks (42 days) in duration. Each course in regimen B is 4 weeks (28 days) in duration. - Regimen A (courses 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8): Patients receive oral lomustine and cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1 and vincristine IV on days 1, 8, and 15 of weeks 11, 17, 27, 33, 43, and 49. - Regimen B (courses 3, 6, and 9): Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 2 and vincristine IV on days 1 and 8 of weeks 23, 39, and 55. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Quality of life is assessed at 3-6 months after completion of radiotherapy and at 3-4 years after study entry. Neurocognitive function may also be assessed. Patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 2 years, and then annually thereafter.

OBJECTIVES:

       -  Evaluate the factors currently used for risk-group assignment (DNA content, MYCN copy number, and tumor histology) in patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma.

       -  Assess the prevalence of 1p, 11q, 14q loss of heterozygosity and gain of 17q; the expression of nerve growth factor and its high affinity (Trk-A) and low affinity (p75^NTR) receptors; and telomerase activity in these patients.

       -  Compare the independent clinical significance of these biological factors with MYCN amplification, International Neuroblastoma Staging system stage, age, and histologic variables in predicting response to treatment or outcome in these patients.

       -  To prospectively analyze the concordance between detection of MYCN amplification in tumor samples and quantitative detection of MYCN DNA in serum, and to analyze the prognostic significance of MYCN amplification as detected in serum samples.

       -  To build a database that includes information regarding the presentation and natural history of neuroblastoma-associated health problems including, but not limited to, opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia (OMA) and/or spinal cord compression.

       -  Maintain a reference bank containing clinically and genetically characterized frozen tumor tissue, tumor DNA and RNA, tumor touch preparations, histology slides and blocks, cell lines, and paired normal DNA obtained at time of diagnosis, second-look surgery, and relapse for future research studies.

       -  Build a database of known biological prognostic factors for patients on therapeutic studies.

     OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage (stage 1 vs stage 2A vs stage 2B vs stage 3 vs stage 4 vs stage 4S) and age (under 365 days vs 365 days and over).

     Tumor samples are obtained at the time of surgery (diagnosis). Tumor samples may also be obtained at the time of second-look surgery and/or relapse. Blood and bone marrow samples are also obtained.

     MYCN copy number is analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Tumor cell ploidy is determined by flow cytometric analysis. Allelic status of 1p36, 11q23, and 14q32 is determined by multiplexed fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Real-time quantitative PCR and FISH are used to determine 17q gain. Neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor expression and the level of telomerase RNA expression is determined by reverse transcription-PCR. Telomerase activity is assessed by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay in patients with stage 2 or 4S disease.

     Patients are followed within 2 weeks and then annually (if not on a concurrent therapeutic study).

     PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 10,000 patients will be accrued for this study within 6 years.