Inclusion Criteria:

• Arm 1) HFpEF:
  • Patients aged ≥ 30 years old with exertional dyspnea (NYHA II and III) and LVEF ≥50%
  • BMI ≥ 30
  • New diagnosis of HFpEF based on RHC at baseline (elevated PCWP at rest and/or during exercise)
• Arm 2) Cardiac Sarcoidosis:
  • Patients aged ≥ 30 years old with exertional dyspnea (NYHA II and III) and LVEF ≥50%
  • BMI ≥ 30
  • New diagnosis of HFpEF based on RHC at baseline (elevated PCWP at rest and/or during exercise)
• Arm 3) Healthy controls:
  • Adults ≥ 30 years old
  • No major chronic disease (cardiopulmonary, inflammatory, autoimmune, cancer, renal or liver impairment, etc.)
  • No intake of relevant medication, defined as regular intake of at least one of the following: anticoagulants, antiplatelets, antihypertensive / diuretics, antidiabetics, antiarrhythmic, immunosuppressants, chemotherapy, antibiotics/antivirals/antifungals

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Exclusion Criteria:

• Arm 1) HFpEF:
  • Primary cardiomyopathy or pericardial disease or ≥ moderate valvular disease
  • Dyspnea due to lung disease or CAD
  • Severe anemia, liver, or renal disease
  • Active cancer
  • Systemic active inflammatory or autoimmune disease (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, etc.)
  • Recent hospitalization (< 30 days) or coronary revascularization (< 90 days)
  • Patients already taking SGLT2i and/or GLP-1A
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Contraindications for safe CMR scanning (e.g., uncontrolled claustrophobia, cochlear implant, implanted neural stimulator)
  • Known gadolinium allergy
• Arm 2)  Cardiac Sarcoidosis:
  • ​​​​​​​Already on immunosuppressive therapy
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Severe liver or renal disease (estimated GFR < 30 or dialysis-dependent)
  • Recent coronary revascularization (< 90 days)
  • Active cancer
  • Known allergy to gadolinium i.v. contrast
  • Inability to tolerate supine position for the PET/CT or CMR scans.
  • Contraindications for safe CMR scanning (e.g., uncontrolled claustrophobia, cochlear implant, implanted neural stimulator)
  • Presence of implantable cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator or mechanical valve.
• ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Arm 3) Healthy subjects
  • ​​​​​​​BMI ≥ 30
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Known allergy to gadolinium i.v. contrast
  • Inability to tolerate supine position for the PET/CT or CMR scans.
  • Contraindications for safe CMR scanning (e.g., uncontrolled claustrophobia, cochlear implant, implanted neural stimulator)

​​​​​​​Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria may apply.

Eligibility last updated 04/21/2025. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.