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Scientists began to discover chromosomes in the late 1800s. Since then, the field of cytogenetics slowly evolved as new methods of visualizing chromosomes were developed. Staining methods were developed that allowed visualization of individual chromosomes, but they lacked detail. In the early 1970s, special staining techniques were developed that allowed detailed visualization of chromosomes using light microscopy. Since then, the field of cytogenetics has grown exponentially and now serves a pivotal role in medical science. The results of cytogenetic studies may:
- Contribute to the diagnosis of cancer or a congenital syndrome
- Dictate the treatment regimen that will be utilized
- Determine a patient's response to therapy
- Determine a cause for continued miscarriages or inability to conceive a child
- Contribute to studies of new therapies
The recent advent of fluorescent DNA probes (FISH) that can be used to detect chromosome anomalies at the gene level has fueled a new explosion in cytogenetics. FISH probes can detect small anomalies that cannot be detected by conventional cytogenetics. FISH probes can also be used on interphase nuclei, virtually eliminating the need for time-consuming culture techniques used to produce metaphase cells.
There are several different types of FISH probes and strategies that can be utilized to detect chromosome aberrations. Often, a combination of FISH and conventional cytogenetics may be used to provide a complete picture. FISH studies focus on very specific anomalies and conventional cytogenetics provides a broad look at all of a patient's chromosomes.
The goal of our program is educate and train students to become well-rounded technologists who are able to effectively contribute to any area of a cytogenetic laboratory upon completion of the program. Our goals and mission statement clearly describe our dedication to education, patients and the field of cytogenetics.
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