This advanced course is provides the clinician with an update on two-dimensional, Doppler, stress, and transesophageal echocardiography. It is not a "how to" course, but instead concentrates on the application of echocardiography in clinical decision making. The program consists primarily of clinical cases that illustrate the problems cardiologists commonly encounter. Multiple choice questions addressing the clinical utility and limitations of echocardiography follow each case. In addition, faculty present "rapid fire" and "unknown" cases. Participants are encouraged to bring unknown cases to show during a special session. Special breakout sessions are devoted to the interpretation of Doppler hemodynamics, diastolic function, stress echocardiography, congenital heart disease, interventional and perioperative echocardiography. Maximum audience participation and interaction with the faculty are encouraged.